Safe storage of batteries at a waste transfer site requires strict procedures to minimise risks such as fire, chemical leakage, and injury. Here’s a comprehensive procedure for safe battery storage:
1. Segregation of Batteries by Type
- Separate by Chemistry: Store different types of batteries (e.g., lead-acid, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, alkaline) in distinct containers. Mixing incompatible types, such as lithium-ion with lead-acid batteries, can lead to hazardous reactions.
- Damaged or Leaking Batteries: Isolate and properly label damaged or leaking batteries in a separate container. Use non-conductive materials to suppress any potential reactions.
2. Use of Fire-Resistant Containers
- Non-Conductive Containers: Store batteries in non-conductive, fire-resistant containers. Metal containers should be avoided, as they can cause short circuits.
- Vented Storage Units: Ensure containers have proper ventilation to prevent the build-up of gases, especially with lithium and lead-acid batteries, which can release hydrogen.
3. Temperature and Environmental Control
- Cool, Dry Location: Store batteries in a cool, dry area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent overheating and potential fires.
- Monitor Temperature: Use temperature monitoring systems to ensure storage areas remain below 25°C, as elevated temperatures can increase the risk of thermal runaway in lithium batteries.
4. Fire Safety Measures
- Fire Suppression Systems: Equip storage areas with fire extinguishers appropriate for electrical fires (e.g., Class D or CO2 extinguishers for lithium-ion).
- Fireproof Zones: Store batteries in designated fireproof zones with fire-resistant barriers between different battery types.
- Emergency Plan: Implement and regularly drill an emergency response plan that includes evacuation, fire suppression, and communication with emergency services.
5. Minimise Stored Quantities
- Small Stockpiles: Minimize the number of batteries stored at any one time by regularly transferring them to recycling or disposal facilities.
- Regular Inspections: Perform regular inspections to ensure batteries are in good condition and containers are properly labeled and stored.
6. Handling Procedures
- Non-Sparking Tools: Use non-sparking tools when handling batteries to prevent sparks, especially when dealing with large or damaged batteries.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Ensure staff use appropriate PPE, such as gloves, safety glasses, and chemical-resistant clothing, when handling batteries.
7. Spill and Leak Management
- Spill Kits: Maintain spill kits with absorbent materials, neutralizing agents, and personal protective equipment for handling leaks.
- Immediate Containment: In case of a spill, immediately contain the leak, and transfer the battery to a designated hazardous waste container.
8. Labelling and Documentation
- Clear Labelling: Properly label containers by battery type, chemical composition, and hazard classification.
- Documentation and Records: Keep detailed records of battery quantities, types, and dates of storage. Update records when batteries are removed or transferred.
9. Training and Awareness
- Staff Training: Train staff in the proper handling, storage, and emergency response procedures related to batteries. Include fire safety and spill response in training.
- Signage: Place clear signage indicating battery storage areas, hazard warnings, and emergency procedures.
10. Compliance with Regulations
- Adhere to Regulations: Ensure compliance with local and national regulations on the storage of hazardous waste, such as the Waste Batteries and Accumulators Regulations and environmental agency guidelines.
- Periodic Audits: Conduct periodic internal audits to ensure the site adheres to safety protocols and regulatory standards.
By following these procedures, you can mitigate the risks associated with battery storage at waste transfer sites. Regular reviews and updates of the procedure are also necessary to stay in line with the latest safety practices and regulatory changes.
JCH Safety are qualified and third party accredited fire risk assessors based in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. We work with a variety of sectors including waste and recycling facilities. If you need assistance with a fire risk assessment, don’t hesitate to give us a call.
